Converts measurements into age- and sex-conditional standard deviation score (SDS) using an external reference.

y2z(y = c(75, 80, 85), x = 1, sex = "M", sub = "N",
  ref = get("nl4.hgt"), dist = "LMS", dec = 3, sex.fallback = NA,
  sub.fallback = NA, tail.adjust = FALSE)

Arguments

y

A numerical vector containing the outcome measurements. The length length(y) determines the size of the output vector.

x

A vector containing the values of the numerical covariate (typically decimal age or height) at which conversion is desired. Values are replicated to match length(y).

sex

A character vector indicating whether the male ("M") of female ("F")reference should be used. Values are replicated to match length(y).

sub

A character vector indicating the level of the sub field of the reference standard defined in ref

ref

A data frame containing a factor sex, a numerical variable age containing the tabulated decimal point ages, and two or more numerical variables with reference values. See details.

dist

A string identifying the type of distribution. Values values are: "NO", "BCCG", "LMS", "BCPE" and "BCT". The default is "LMS".

dec

A scalar value indicating the number of decimals used to round the value.

sex.fallback

The level of the sex field used when no match is found. The default sex.fallback=NA specifies that unmatched entries should receive a NA value.

sub.fallback

The level of the sub field used when no match is found. The default sub.fallback=NA specifies that unmatched entries should receive a NA value.

tail.adjust

Logical. If TRUE then the WHO method for tail adjustment is applied. The default is FALSE.

Value

For y2z(): A vector with length(y) elements containing the standard deviation score. For z2y(): A vector with length(z) elements containing quantiles.

Details

Functions z2y() and y2z() are the inverse of each other.

The argument dist determines the statistical distribution. The possibilities are as follows:

list("\"NO\"")

ref should contain columns mean and sd, containing the mean and the standard deviation in the external reference population.

list("\"LMS\"")

ref should contain columns L, S and M containing the LMS parameters.

list("\"BCCG\"")

ref should contain columns mu, sigma and nu containing the Box-Cox Cole-Green parameters.

list("\"BCPE\"")

ref should contain columns mu, sigma, nu and tau containing the Box-Cox Power Exponential parameters.

list("\"BCT\"")

ref should contain columns mu, sigma, nu and tau containing the Box-Cox T distribution parameters.

See also

Examples

boys <- boys7482 # SDS of height 115 cm at age 5 years, # relative to Dutch boys reference y2z(y=115, x=5)
#> [1] 0.424
# same relative to Dutch girls y2z(y=115, x=5, sex="F")
#> [1] 0.706
# SDS of IOTF BMI cut-off value for overweight (boys 2-18) # relative to Dutch boys reference cutoff <- c( 18.41, 18.15, 17.89, 17.72, 17.55, 17.49, 17.42, 17.49, 17.55, 17.74, 17.92, 18.18, 18.44, 18.77, 19.10, 19.47, 19.84, 20.20, 20.55, 20.89, 21.22, 21.57, 21.91, 22.27, 22.62, 22.96, 23.29, 23.60, 23.90, 24.18, 24.46, 24.73, 25.00) age <- seq(2, 18, by=0.5) (z <- y2z(y=cutoff, x=age, sex="M", ref=nl4.bmi))
#> [1] 1.448 1.459 1.411 1.371 1.299 1.255 1.189 1.190 1.173 1.209 1.223 1.255 #> [13] 1.273 1.308 1.342 1.381 1.416 1.446 1.459 1.470 1.470 1.471 1.464 1.462 #> [25] 1.452 1.442 1.426 1.412 1.395 1.382 1.375 1.368 1.372
# apply inverse transformation to check calculations round(z2y(z, age, ref=nl4.bmi), 2)
#> [1] 18.41 18.15 17.89 17.72 17.55 17.49 17.42 17.49 17.55 17.74 17.92 18.18 #> [13] 18.44 18.77 19.10 19.47 19.84 20.20 20.55 20.89 21.22 21.57 21.91 22.27 #> [25] 22.62 22.96 23.29 23.60 23.90 24.18 24.46 24.73 25.00
cutoff
#> [1] 18.41 18.15 17.89 17.72 17.55 17.49 17.42 17.49 17.55 17.74 17.92 18.18 #> [13] 18.44 18.77 19.10 19.47 19.84 20.20 20.55 20.89 21.22 21.57 21.91 22.27 #> [25] 22.62 22.96 23.29 23.60 23.90 24.18 24.46 24.73 25.00
# calculate percentiles of weight 12 kg at 2 years (boys, girls) 100*round(pnorm(y2z(y=c(12,12), x=2, sex=c("M","F"), ref=nl4.wgt)),2)
#> [1] 24 41
# # percentage of children lighter than 15kg at ages 2-5 e <- expand.grid(age=2:5, sex=c("M","F")) z <- y2z(y=rep(15,nrow(e)), x=e$age, sex=e$sex, ref=nl4.wgt) w <- matrix(100*round(pnorm(z),2), nrow=2, byrow=TRUE) dimnames(w) <- list(c("boys","girls"),2:5) w
#> 2 3 4 5 #> boys 89 46 11 1 #> girls 96 57 16 2
# analysis in Z scale hgt.z <- y2z(y=boys$hgt, x=boys$age, sex="M", ref=nl4.hgt) wgt.z <- y2z(y=boys$wgt, x=boys$age, sex="M", ref=nl4.wgt) plot(hgt.z, wgt.z, col="blue")
# z2y # quantile at SD=0 of age 2 years, # height Dutch boys z2y(z=0, x=2)
#> [1] 88.85
# same for Dutch girls z2y(z=0, x=2, sex="F")
#> [1] 87.49
# quantile at SD=c(-1,0,1) of age 2 years, BMI Dutch boys z2y(z=c(-1,0,+1), x=2, ref=nl4.bmi)
#> [1] 15.173 16.420 17.770
# 0SD line (P50) in kg of weight for age in 5-10 year, Dutch boys z2y(z=rep(0,6), x=5:10, ref=nl4.wgt)
#> [1] 19.82 22.37 25.03 27.86 30.76 33.79
# 95th percentile (P95), age 10 years, wfa, Dutch boys z2y(z=qnorm(0.95), x=10, ref=nl4.wgt)
#> [1] 45.278
# table of P3, P10, P50, P90, P97 of weight for 5-10 year old dutch boys # age per year age <- 5:10 p <- c(0.03,0.1,0.5,0.9,0.97) z <- rep(qnorm(p), length(age)) x <- rep(age, each=length(p)) w <- matrix(z2y(z, x=x, sex="M", ref=nl4.wgt), ncol=length(p), byrow=TRUE) dimnames(w) <- list(age, p) round(w,1)
#> 0.03 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.97 #> 5 15.8 16.9 19.8 23.4 25.4 #> 6 17.6 19.0 22.4 26.8 29.3 #> 7 19.5 21.1 25.0 30.3 33.4 #> 8 21.6 23.3 27.9 34.1 37.8 #> 9 23.6 25.5 30.8 38.1 42.5 #> 10 25.6 27.8 33.8 42.2 47.5
# standard set of Z-scores of weight for all tabulated ages, boys & girls # and three etnicities sds <- c(-2.5, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 2.5) age <- nl4.wgt$x z <- rep(sds, times=length(age)) x <- rep(age, each=length(sds)) sex <- rep(c("M","F"), each=length(z)/2) w <- z2y(z=z, x=x, sex=sex, ref=nl4.wgt) w <- matrix(w, ncol=length(sds), byrow=TRUE) dimnames(w) <- list(age, sds) data.frame(sub=nl4.wgt$sub,sex=nl4.wgt$sex,round(w,2), row.names=NULL)
#> sub sex X.2.5 X.2 X.1 X0 X1 X2 X2.5 #> 1 N M 2.58 2.77 3.15 3.55 3.97 4.40 4.62 #> 2 N M 2.73 2.93 3.33 3.75 4.19 4.65 4.89 #> 3 N M 2.87 3.08 3.50 3.94 4.40 4.89 5.14 #> 4 N M 3.01 3.23 3.67 4.13 4.62 5.12 5.39 #> 5 N M 3.16 3.38 3.84 4.33 4.84 5.37 5.65 #> 6 N M 3.31 3.54 4.02 4.53 5.06 5.62 5.91 #> 7 N M 3.46 3.70 4.20 4.72 5.27 5.85 6.15 #> 8 N M 3.61 3.86 4.37 4.92 5.50 6.10 6.41 #> 9 N M 3.75 4.01 4.54 5.11 5.71 6.34 6.66 #> 10 N M 3.89 4.16 4.71 5.30 5.92 6.57 6.91 #> 11 N M 4.03 4.30 4.87 5.48 6.12 6.80 7.15 #> 12 N M 4.30 4.59 5.19 5.84 6.53 7.25 7.63 #> 13 N M 4.56 4.86 5.51 6.19 6.92 7.69 8.09 #> 14 N M 4.81 5.13 5.80 6.51 7.27 8.07 8.49 #> 15 N M 5.05 5.38 6.07 6.82 7.62 8.46 8.90 #> 16 N M 5.27 5.61 6.33 7.11 7.94 8.83 9.29 #> 17 N M 5.48 5.83 6.58 7.39 8.25 9.18 9.66 #> 18 N M 5.68 6.04 6.82 7.65 8.54 9.50 10.01 #> 19 N M 5.86 6.23 7.03 7.89 8.81 9.80 10.33 #> 20 N M 6.03 6.42 7.24 8.12 9.07 10.10 10.63 #> 21 N M 6.38 6.78 7.63 8.55 9.54 10.62 11.18 #> 22 N M 6.68 7.10 7.99 8.95 9.99 11.12 11.72 #> 23 N M 6.95 7.38 8.30 9.30 10.39 11.56 12.19 #> 24 N M 7.21 7.65 8.60 9.63 10.76 11.98 12.63 #> 25 N M 7.45 7.90 8.88 9.94 11.10 12.37 13.04 #> 26 N M 7.67 8.14 9.13 10.23 11.43 12.74 13.44 #> 27 N M 7.86 8.34 9.37 10.50 11.74 13.11 13.83 #> 28 N M 8.05 8.54 9.59 10.75 12.02 13.42 14.17 #> 29 N M 8.24 8.74 9.82 11.00 12.30 13.74 14.51 #> 30 N M 8.85 9.38 10.52 11.78 13.18 14.73 15.57 #> 31 N M 9.79 10.36 11.62 13.02 14.59 16.35 17.30 #> 32 N M 10.59 11.21 12.58 14.12 15.86 17.83 18.91 #> 33 N M 11.39 12.06 13.52 15.19 17.09 19.26 20.45 #> 34 N M 12.18 12.89 14.47 16.28 18.36 20.76 22.10 #> 35 N M 12.98 13.74 15.45 17.42 19.72 22.40 23.91 #> 36 N M 13.83 14.64 16.47 18.60 21.11 24.07 25.75 #> 37 N M 14.67 15.54 17.50 19.82 22.57 25.87 27.77 #> 38 N M 15.54 16.47 18.57 21.08 24.09 27.76 29.89 #> 39 N M 16.39 17.38 19.64 22.37 25.69 29.79 32.21 #> 40 N M 17.28 18.33 20.74 23.68 27.30 31.82 34.52 #> 41 N M 18.14 19.26 21.85 25.03 28.99 34.02 37.07 #> 42 N M 19.08 20.26 23.02 26.43 30.73 36.25 39.64 #> 43 N M 19.97 21.23 24.18 27.86 32.54 38.65 42.44 #> 44 N M 20.86 22.20 25.35 29.30 34.38 41.11 45.32 #> 45 N M 21.78 23.20 26.54 30.76 36.22 43.51 48.12 #> 46 N M 22.66 24.16 27.73 32.25 38.15 46.09 51.15 #> 47 N M 23.59 25.18 28.97 33.79 40.10 48.62 54.07 #> 48 N M 24.55 26.25 30.28 35.43 42.17 51.29 57.12 #> 49 N M 25.53 27.36 31.69 37.23 44.48 54.28 60.53 #> 50 N M 26.65 28.62 33.29 39.24 47.00 57.39 63.97 #> 51 N M 27.85 29.99 35.06 41.48 49.79 60.77 67.64 #> 52 N M 29.23 31.56 37.07 43.99 52.84 64.35 71.44 #> 53 N M 30.74 33.29 39.29 46.77 56.22 68.31 75.64 #> 54 N M 32.59 35.35 41.80 49.77 59.69 72.17 79.61 #> 55 N M 34.62 37.58 44.46 52.87 63.22 76.06 83.62 #> 56 N M 36.88 40.00 47.20 55.94 66.59 79.64 87.25 #> 57 N M 39.20 42.43 49.87 58.82 69.65 82.80 90.42 #> 58 N M 41.54 44.84 52.41 61.45 72.32 85.43 92.98 #> 59 N M 43.65 47.01 54.66 63.77 74.67 87.77 95.30 #> 60 N M 45.58 48.96 56.64 65.75 76.61 89.61 97.06 #> 61 N M 47.22 50.62 58.32 67.43 78.26 91.18 98.58 #> 62 N M 48.71 52.11 59.79 68.85 79.59 92.38 99.68 #> 63 N M 49.95 53.35 61.02 70.06 80.75 93.45 100.70 #> 64 N M 51.07 54.47 62.12 71.10 81.70 94.27 101.43 #> 65 N M 52.01 55.41 63.06 72.04 82.62 95.15 102.28 #> 66 N M 52.90 56.30 63.94 72.89 83.43 95.89 102.98 #> 67 N M 53.88 57.26 64.84 73.70 84.10 96.37 103.33 #> 68 N M 54.73 58.10 65.67 74.49 84.83 97.02 103.92 #> 69 N M 55.58 58.95 66.50 75.28 85.56 97.65 104.50 #> 70 N M 55.58 58.95 66.50 75.28 85.56 97.65 104.50 #> 71 N F 2.58 2.77 3.15 3.55 3.97 4.40 4.62 #> 72 N F 2.73 2.93 3.33 3.75 4.19 4.65 4.89 #> 73 N F 2.87 3.08 3.50 3.94 4.40 4.89 5.14 #> 74 N F 3.01 3.23 3.67 4.13 4.62 5.12 5.39 #> 75 N F 3.16 3.38 3.84 4.33 4.84 5.37 5.65 #> 76 N F 3.31 3.54 4.02 4.53 5.06 5.62 5.91 #> 77 N F 3.46 3.70 4.20 4.72 5.27 5.85 6.15 #> 78 N F 3.61 3.86 4.37 4.92 5.50 6.10 6.41 #> 79 N F 3.75 4.01 4.54 5.11 5.71 6.34 6.66 #> 80 N F 3.89 4.16 4.71 5.30 5.92 6.57 6.91 #> 81 N F 4.03 4.30 4.87 5.48 6.12 6.80 7.15 #> 82 N F 4.30 4.59 5.19 5.84 6.53 7.25 7.63 #> 83 N F 4.56 4.86 5.51 6.19 6.92 7.69 8.09 #> 84 N F 4.81 5.13 5.80 6.51 7.27 8.07 8.49 #> 85 N F 5.05 5.38 6.07 6.82 7.62 8.46 8.90 #> 86 N F 5.27 5.61 6.33 7.11 7.94 8.83 9.29 #> 87 N F 5.48 5.83 6.58 7.39 8.25 9.18 9.66 #> 88 N F 5.68 6.04 6.82 7.65 8.54 9.50 10.01 #> 89 N F 5.86 6.23 7.03 7.89 8.81 9.80 10.33 #> 90 N F 6.03 6.42 7.24 8.12 9.07 10.10 10.63 #> 91 N F 6.38 6.78 7.63 8.55 9.54 10.62 11.18 #> 92 N F 6.68 7.10 7.99 8.95 9.99 11.12 11.72 #> 93 N F 6.95 7.38 8.30 9.30 10.39 11.56 12.19 #> 94 N F 7.21 7.65 8.60 9.63 10.76 11.98 12.63 #> 95 N F 7.45 7.90 8.88 9.94 11.10 12.37 13.04 #> 96 N F 7.67 8.14 9.13 10.23 11.43 12.74 13.44 #> 97 N F 7.86 8.34 9.37 10.50 11.74 13.11 13.83 #> 98 N F 8.05 8.54 9.59 10.75 12.02 13.42 14.17 #> 99 N F 8.24 8.74 9.82 11.00 12.30 13.74 14.51 #> 100 N F 8.85 9.38 10.52 11.78 13.18 14.73 15.57 #> 101 N F 9.79 10.36 11.62 13.02 14.59 16.35 17.30 #> 102 N F 10.59 11.21 12.58 14.12 15.86 17.83 18.91 #> 103 N F 11.39 12.06 13.52 15.19 17.09 19.26 20.45 #> 104 N F 12.18 12.89 14.47 16.28 18.36 20.76 22.10 #> 105 N F 12.98 13.74 15.45 17.42 19.72 22.40 23.91 #> 106 N F 13.83 14.64 16.47 18.60 21.11 24.07 25.75 #> 107 N F 14.67 15.54 17.50 19.82 22.57 25.87 27.77 #> 108 N F 15.54 16.47 18.57 21.08 24.09 27.76 29.89 #> 109 N F 16.39 17.38 19.64 22.37 25.69 29.79 32.21 #> 110 N F 17.28 18.33 20.74 23.68 27.30 31.82 34.52 #> 111 N F 18.14 19.26 21.85 25.03 28.99 34.02 37.07 #> 112 N F 19.08 20.26 23.02 26.43 30.73 36.25 39.64 #> 113 N F 19.97 21.23 24.18 27.86 32.54 38.65 42.44 #> 114 N F 20.86 22.20 25.35 29.30 34.38 41.11 45.32 #> 115 N F 21.78 23.20 26.54 30.76 36.22 43.51 48.12 #> 116 N F 22.66 24.16 27.73 32.25 38.15 46.09 51.15 #> 117 N F 23.59 25.18 28.97 33.79 40.10 48.62 54.07 #> 118 N F 24.55 26.25 30.28 35.43 42.17 51.29 57.12 #> 119 N F 25.53 27.36 31.69 37.23 44.48 54.28 60.53 #> 120 N F 26.65 28.62 33.29 39.24 47.00 57.39 63.97 #> 121 N F 27.85 29.99 35.06 41.48 49.79 60.77 67.64 #> 122 N F 29.23 31.56 37.07 43.99 52.84 64.35 71.44 #> 123 N F 30.74 33.29 39.29 46.77 56.22 68.31 75.64 #> 124 N F 32.59 35.35 41.80 49.77 59.69 72.17 79.61 #> 125 N F 34.62 37.58 44.46 52.87 63.22 76.06 83.62 #> 126 N F 36.88 40.00 47.20 55.94 66.59 79.64 87.25 #> 127 N F 39.20 42.43 49.87 58.82 69.65 82.80 90.42 #> 128 N F 41.54 44.84 52.41 61.45 72.32 85.43 92.98 #> 129 N F 43.65 47.01 54.66 63.77 74.67 87.77 95.30 #> 130 N F 45.58 48.96 56.64 65.75 76.61 89.61 97.06 #> 131 N F 47.22 50.62 58.32 67.43 78.26 91.18 98.58 #> 132 N F 48.71 52.11 59.79 68.85 79.59 92.38 99.68 #> 133 N F 49.95 53.35 61.02 70.06 80.75 93.45 100.70 #> 134 N F 51.07 54.47 62.12 71.10 81.70 94.27 101.43 #> 135 N F 52.01 55.41 63.06 72.04 82.62 95.15 102.28 #> 136 N F 52.90 56.30 63.94 72.89 83.43 95.89 102.98 #> 137 N F 53.88 57.26 64.84 73.70 84.10 96.37 103.33 #> 138 N F 54.73 58.10 65.67 74.49 84.83 97.02 103.92 #> 139 N F 55.58 58.95 66.50 75.28 85.56 97.65 104.50 #> 140 N F 55.58 58.95 66.50 75.28 85.56 97.65 104.50 #> 141 T M 2.58 2.77 3.15 3.55 3.97 4.40 4.62 #> 142 T M 2.73 2.93 3.33 3.75 4.19 4.65 4.89 #> 143 T M 2.87 3.08 3.50 3.94 4.40 4.89 5.14 #> 144 T M 3.01 3.23 3.67 4.13 4.62 5.12 5.39 #> 145 T M 3.16 3.38 3.84 4.33 4.84 5.37 5.65 #> 146 T M 3.31 3.54 4.02 4.53 5.06 5.62 5.91 #> 147 T M 3.46 3.70 4.20 4.72 5.27 5.85 6.15 #> 148 T M 3.61 3.86 4.37 4.92 5.50 6.10 6.41 #> 149 T M 3.75 4.01 4.54 5.11 5.71 6.34 6.66 #> 150 T M 3.89 4.16 4.71 5.30 5.92 6.57 6.91 #> 151 T M 4.03 4.30 4.87 5.48 6.12 6.80 7.15 #> 152 T M 4.30 4.59 5.19 5.84 6.53 7.25 7.63 #> 153 T M 4.56 4.86 5.51 6.19 6.92 7.69 8.09 #> 154 T M 4.81 5.13 5.80 6.51 7.27 8.07 8.49 #> 155 T M 5.05 5.38 6.07 6.82 7.62 8.46 8.90 #> 156 T M 5.27 5.61 6.33 7.11 7.94 8.83 9.29 #> 157 T M 5.48 5.83 6.58 7.39 8.25 9.18 9.66 #> 158 T M 5.68 6.04 6.82 7.65 8.54 9.50 10.01 #> 159 T M 5.86 6.23 7.03 7.89 8.81 9.80 10.33 #> 160 T M 6.03 6.42 7.24 8.12 9.07 10.10 10.63 #> 161 T M 6.38 6.78 7.63 8.55 9.54 10.62 11.18 #> 162 T M 6.68 7.10 7.99 8.95 9.99 11.12 11.72 #> 163 T M 6.95 7.38 8.30 9.30 10.39 11.56 12.19 #> 164 T M 7.21 7.65 8.60 9.63 10.76 11.98 12.63 #> 165 T M 7.45 7.90 8.88 9.94 11.10 12.37 13.04 #> 166 T M 7.67 8.14 9.13 10.23 11.43 12.74 13.44 #> 167 T M 7.86 8.34 9.37 10.50 11.74 13.11 13.83 #> 168 T M 8.05 8.54 9.59 10.75 12.02 13.42 14.17 #> 169 T M 8.24 8.74 9.82 11.00 12.30 13.74 14.51 #> 170 T M 8.85 9.38 10.52 11.78 13.18 14.73 15.57 #> 171 T M 9.79 10.36 11.62 13.02 14.59 16.35 17.30 #> 172 T M 10.59 11.21 12.58 14.12 15.86 17.83 18.91 #> 173 T M 11.39 12.06 13.52 15.19 17.09 19.26 20.45 #> 174 T M 12.18 12.89 14.47 16.28 18.36 20.76 22.10 #> 175 T M 12.98 13.74 15.45 17.42 19.72 22.40 23.91 #> 176 T M 13.83 14.64 16.47 18.60 21.11 24.07 25.75 #> 177 T M 14.67 15.54 17.50 19.82 22.57 25.87 27.77 #> 178 T M 15.54 16.47 18.57 21.08 24.09 27.76 29.89 #> 179 T M 16.39 17.38 19.64 22.37 25.69 29.79 32.21 #> 180 T M 17.28 18.33 20.74 23.68 27.30 31.82 34.52 #> 181 T M 18.14 19.26 21.85 25.03 28.99 34.02 37.07 #> 182 T M 19.08 20.26 23.02 26.43 30.73 36.25 39.64 #> 183 T M 19.97 21.23 24.18 27.86 32.54 38.65 42.44 #> 184 T M 20.86 22.20 25.35 29.30 34.38 41.11 45.32 #> 185 T M 21.78 23.20 26.54 30.76 36.22 43.51 48.12 #> 186 T M 22.66 24.16 27.73 32.25 38.15 46.09 51.15 #> 187 T M 23.59 25.18 28.97 33.79 40.10 48.62 54.07 #> 188 T M 24.55 26.25 30.28 35.43 42.17 51.29 57.12 #> 189 T M 25.53 27.36 31.69 37.23 44.48 54.28 60.53 #> 190 T M 26.65 28.62 33.29 39.24 47.00 57.39 63.97 #> 191 T M 27.85 29.99 35.06 41.48 49.79 60.77 67.64 #> 192 T M 29.23 31.56 37.07 43.99 52.84 64.35 71.44 #> 193 T M 30.74 33.29 39.29 46.77 56.22 68.31 75.64 #> 194 T M 32.59 35.35 41.80 49.77 59.69 72.17 79.61 #> 195 T M 34.62 37.58 44.46 52.87 63.22 76.06 83.62 #> 196 T M 36.88 40.00 47.20 55.94 66.59 79.64 87.25 #> 197 T M 39.20 42.43 49.87 58.82 69.65 82.80 90.42 #> 198 T M 41.54 44.84 52.41 61.45 72.32 85.43 92.98 #> 199 T M 43.65 47.01 54.66 63.77 74.67 87.77 95.30 #> 200 T M 45.58 48.96 56.64 65.75 76.61 89.61 97.06 #> 201 T M 47.22 50.62 58.32 67.43 78.26 91.18 98.58 #> 202 T M 48.71 52.11 59.79 68.85 79.59 92.38 99.68 #> 203 T M 49.95 53.35 61.02 70.06 80.75 93.45 100.70 #> 204 T M 51.07 54.47 62.12 71.10 81.70 94.27 101.43 #> 205 T M 52.01 55.41 63.06 72.04 82.62 95.15 102.28 #> 206 T M 52.90 56.30 63.94 72.89 83.43 95.89 102.98 #> 207 T M 53.88 57.26 64.84 73.70 84.10 96.37 103.33 #> 208 T M 48.33 50.76 56.51 63.85 73.58 87.13 96.14 #> 209 T F 2.46 2.63 2.97 3.34 3.74 4.17 4.39 #> 210 T F 2.59 2.76 3.12 3.51 3.93 4.38 4.62 #> 211 T F 2.73 2.90 3.28 3.69 4.13 4.60 4.85 #> 212 T F 2.85 3.04 3.43 3.86 4.32 4.82 5.08 #> 213 T F 2.98 3.17 3.58 4.03 4.51 5.03 5.30 #> 214 T F 3.11 3.31 3.75 4.21 4.71 5.26 5.54 #> 215 T F 3.25 3.46 3.90 4.38 4.90 5.46 5.76 #> 216 T F 3.38 3.60 4.06 4.56 5.10 5.68 5.99 #> 217 T F 3.51 3.74 4.21 4.73 5.29 5.90 6.22 #> 218 T F 3.65 3.88 4.37 4.90 5.48 6.10 6.43 #> 219 T F 3.78 4.01 4.52 5.07 5.67 6.31 6.66 #> 220 T F 4.03 4.28 4.82 5.40 6.04 6.73 7.09 #> 221 T F 4.28 4.54 5.11 5.72 6.39 7.12 7.50 #> 222 T F 4.52 4.79 5.38 6.03 6.74 7.50 7.91 #> 223 T F 4.74 5.03 5.64 6.32 7.06 7.87 8.30 #> 224 T F 4.96 5.25 5.89 6.59 7.36 8.19 8.64 #> 225 T F 5.16 5.46 6.12 6.85 7.65 8.52 8.98 #> 226 T F 5.35 5.66 6.35 7.10 7.93 8.83 9.32 #> 227 T F 5.54 5.86 6.56 7.33 8.18 9.10 9.60 #> 228 T F 5.71 6.04 6.76 7.55 8.42 9.38 9.89 #> 229 T F 6.02 6.37 7.12 7.95 8.87 9.88 10.43 #> 230 T F 6.30 6.66 7.45 8.32 9.28 10.35 10.92 #> 231 T F 6.56 6.94 7.75 8.66 9.66 10.78 11.38 #> 232 T F 6.82 7.21 8.04 8.97 10.00 11.14 11.76 #> 233 T F 7.04 7.44 8.30 9.27 10.35 11.55 12.20 #> 234 T F 7.25 7.66 8.55 9.55 10.66 11.90 12.57 #> 235 T F 7.46 7.88 8.79 9.81 10.95 12.23 12.92 #> 236 T F 7.65 8.08 9.01 10.06 11.23 12.54 13.26 #> 237 T F 7.84 8.27 9.23 10.30 11.50 12.85 13.58 #> 238 T F 8.41 8.88 9.90 11.06 12.37 13.84 14.65 #> 239 T F 9.35 9.87 11.02 12.32 13.81 15.51 16.45 #> 240 T F 10.23 10.80 12.07 13.52 15.19 17.12 18.20 #> 241 T F 11.06 11.68 13.07 14.68 16.55 18.74 19.97 #> 242 T F 11.86 12.54 14.05 15.82 17.90 20.36 21.77 #> 243 T F 12.64 13.37 15.01 16.94 19.24 21.99 23.57 #> 244 T F 13.38 14.16 15.94 18.05 20.59 23.68 25.48 #> 245 T F 14.15 14.99 16.90 19.21 22.02 25.48 27.53 #> 246 T F 14.96 15.86 17.93 20.44 23.54 27.42 29.75 #> 247 T F 15.80 16.77 19.01 21.77 25.22 29.62 32.29 #> 248 T F 16.72 17.76 20.18 23.19 27.00 31.92 34.96 #> 249 T F 17.61 18.73 21.37 24.68 28.93 34.55 38.07 #> 250 T F 18.55 19.76 22.61 26.22 30.92 37.24 41.26 #> 251 T F 19.50 20.79 23.87 27.80 32.98 40.03 44.59 #> 252 T F 20.39 21.78 25.11 29.40 35.12 43.02 48.19 #> 253 T F 21.31 22.80 26.39 31.04 37.28 46.00 51.76 #> 254 T F 22.24 23.85 27.71 32.75 39.55 49.10 55.43 #> 255 T F 23.21 24.94 29.09 34.52 41.85 52.15 58.97 #> 256 T F 24.16 26.03 30.52 36.40 44.34 55.48 62.85 #> 257 T F 25.28 27.29 32.13 38.46 46.96 58.77 66.50 #> 258 T F 26.52 28.70 33.93 40.73 49.78 62.19 70.19 #> 259 T F 28.05 30.39 36.00 43.21 52.69 65.44 73.53 #> 260 T F 29.93 32.41 38.30 45.80 55.49 68.27 76.23 #> 261 T F 32.00 34.58 40.67 48.32 58.09 70.76 78.54 #> 262 T F 34.15 36.78 42.95 50.64 60.37 72.87 80.48 #> 263 T F 36.26 38.89 45.05 52.70 62.33 74.66 82.15 #> 264 T F 38.19 40.81 46.91 54.48 64.00 76.21 83.65 #> 265 T F 39.83 42.43 48.48 56.00 65.49 77.74 85.24 #> 266 T F 41.24 43.81 49.82 57.29 66.77 79.09 86.71 #> 267 T F 42.42 44.98 50.93 58.37 67.86 80.31 88.08 #> 268 T F 43.48 46.00 51.90 59.28 68.74 81.24 89.10 #> 269 T F 44.23 46.75 52.64 60.04 69.59 82.33 90.42 #> 270 T F 44.99 47.48 53.33 60.70 70.24 83.04 91.22 #> 271 T F 45.59 48.07 53.90 61.27 70.85 83.81 92.14 #> 272 T F 46.14 48.61 54.43 61.79 71.41 84.48 92.95 #> 273 T F 46.63 49.10 54.90 62.25 71.89 85.06 93.64 #> 274 T F 47.11 49.56 55.34 62.68 72.33 85.57 94.24 #> 275 T F 47.55 49.99 55.75 63.08 72.73 86.03 94.77 #> 276 T F 47.90 50.34 56.11 63.47 73.20 86.71 95.66 #> 277 T F 48.33 50.76 56.51 63.85 73.58 87.13 96.14 #> 278 M M 2.46 2.63 2.97 3.34 3.74 4.17 4.39 #> 279 M M 2.59 2.76 3.12 3.51 3.93 4.38 4.62 #> 280 M M 2.73 2.90 3.28 3.69 4.13 4.60 4.85 #> 281 M M 2.85 3.04 3.43 3.86 4.32 4.82 5.08 #> 282 M M 2.98 3.17 3.58 4.03 4.51 5.03 5.30 #> 283 M M 3.11 3.31 3.75 4.21 4.71 5.26 5.54 #> 284 M M 3.25 3.46 3.90 4.38 4.90 5.46 5.76 #> 285 M M 3.38 3.60 4.06 4.56 5.10 5.68 5.99 #> 286 M M 3.51 3.74 4.21 4.73 5.29 5.90 6.22 #> 287 M M 3.65 3.88 4.37 4.90 5.48 6.10 6.43 #> 288 M M 3.78 4.01 4.52 5.07 5.67 6.31 6.66 #> 289 M M 4.03 4.28 4.82 5.40 6.04 6.73 7.09 #> 290 M M 4.28 4.54 5.11 5.72 6.39 7.12 7.50 #> 291 M M 4.52 4.79 5.38 6.03 6.74 7.50 7.91 #> 292 M M 4.74 5.03 5.64 6.32 7.06 7.87 8.30 #> 293 M M 4.96 5.25 5.89 6.59 7.36 8.19 8.64 #> 294 M M 5.16 5.46 6.12 6.85 7.65 8.52 8.98 #> 295 M M 5.35 5.66 6.35 7.10 7.93 8.83 9.32 #> 296 M M 5.54 5.86 6.56 7.33 8.18 9.10 9.60 #> 297 M M 5.71 6.04 6.76 7.55 8.42 9.38 9.89 #> 298 M M 6.02 6.37 7.12 7.95 8.87 9.88 10.43 #> 299 M M 6.30 6.66 7.45 8.32 9.28 10.35 10.92 #> 300 M M 6.56 6.94 7.75 8.66 9.66 10.78 11.38 #> 301 M M 6.82 7.21 8.04 8.97 10.00 11.14 11.76 #> 302 M M 7.04 7.44 8.30 9.27 10.35 11.55 12.20 #> 303 M M 7.25 7.66 8.55 9.55 10.66 11.90 12.57 #> 304 M M 7.46 7.88 8.79 9.81 10.95 12.23 12.92 #> 305 M M 7.65 8.08 9.01 10.06 11.23 12.54 13.26 #> 306 M M 7.84 8.27 9.23 10.30 11.50 12.85 13.58 #> 307 M M 8.41 8.88 9.90 11.06 12.37 13.84 14.65 #> 308 M M 9.35 9.87 11.02 12.32 13.81 15.51 16.45 #> 309 M M 10.23 10.80 12.07 13.52 15.19 17.12 18.20 #> 310 M M 11.06 11.68 13.07 14.68 16.55 18.74 19.97 #> 311 M M 11.86 12.54 14.05 15.82 17.90 20.36 21.77 #> 312 M M 12.64 13.37 15.01 16.94 19.24 21.99 23.57 #> 313 M M 13.38 14.16 15.94 18.05 20.59 23.68 25.48 #> 314 M M 14.15 14.99 16.90 19.21 22.02 25.48 27.53 #> 315 M M 14.96 15.86 17.93 20.44 23.54 27.42 29.75 #> 316 M M 15.80 16.77 19.01 21.77 25.22 29.62 32.29 #> 317 M M 16.72 17.76 20.18 23.19 27.00 31.92 34.96 #> 318 M M 17.61 18.73 21.37 24.68 28.93 34.55 38.07 #> 319 M M 18.55 19.76 22.61 26.22 30.92 37.24 41.26 #> 320 M M 19.50 20.79 23.87 27.80 32.98 40.03 44.59 #> 321 M M 20.39 21.78 25.11 29.40 35.12 43.02 48.19 #> 322 M M 21.31 22.80 26.39 31.04 37.28 46.00 51.76 #> 323 M M 22.24 23.85 27.71 32.75 39.55 49.10 55.43 #> 324 M M 23.21 24.94 29.09 34.52 41.85 52.15 58.97 #> 325 M M 24.16 26.03 30.52 36.40 44.34 55.48 62.85 #> 326 M M 25.28 27.29 32.13 38.46 46.96 58.77 66.50 #> 327 M M 26.52 28.70 33.93 40.73 49.78 62.19 70.19 #> 328 M M 28.05 30.39 36.00 43.21 52.69 65.44 73.53 #> 329 M M 29.93 32.41 38.30 45.80 55.49 68.27 76.23 #> 330 M M 32.00 34.58 40.67 48.32 58.09 70.76 78.54 #> 331 M M 34.15 36.78 42.95 50.64 60.37 72.87 80.48 #> 332 M M 36.26 38.89 45.05 52.70 62.33 74.66 82.15 #> 333 M M 38.19 40.81 46.91 54.48 64.00 76.21 83.65 #> 334 M M 39.83 42.43 48.48 56.00 65.49 77.74 85.24 #> 335 M M 41.24 43.81 49.82 57.29 66.77 79.09 86.71 #> 336 M M 42.42 44.98 50.93 58.37 67.86 80.31 88.08 #> 337 M M 43.48 46.00 51.90 59.28 68.74 81.24 89.10 #> 338 M M 44.23 46.75 52.64 60.04 69.59 82.33 90.42 #> 339 M M 44.99 47.48 53.33 60.70 70.24 83.04 91.22 #> 340 M M 45.59 48.07 53.90 61.27 70.85 83.81 92.14 #> 341 M M 46.14 48.61 54.43 61.79 71.41 84.48 92.95 #> 342 M M 46.63 49.10 54.90 62.25 71.89 85.06 93.64 #> 343 M M 47.11 49.56 55.34 62.68 72.33 85.57 94.24 #> 344 M M 47.55 49.99 55.75 63.08 72.73 86.03 94.77 #> 345 M M 48.33 50.76 56.51 63.85 73.58 87.13 96.14 #> 346 M F 2.46 2.63 2.97 3.34 3.74 4.17 4.39 #> 347 M F 2.59 2.76 3.12 3.51 3.93 4.38 4.62 #> 348 M F 2.73 2.90 3.28 3.69 4.13 4.60 4.85 #> 349 M F 2.85 3.04 3.43 3.86 4.32 4.82 5.08 #> 350 M F 2.98 3.17 3.58 4.03 4.51 5.03 5.30 #> 351 M F 3.11 3.31 3.75 4.21 4.71 5.26 5.54 #> 352 M F 3.25 3.46 3.90 4.38 4.90 5.46 5.76 #> 353 M F 3.38 3.60 4.06 4.56 5.10 5.68 5.99 #> 354 M F 3.51 3.74 4.21 4.73 5.29 5.90 6.22 #> 355 M F 3.65 3.88 4.37 4.90 5.48 6.10 6.43 #> 356 M F 3.78 4.01 4.52 5.07 5.67 6.31 6.66 #> 357 M F 4.03 4.28 4.82 5.40 6.04 6.73 7.09 #> 358 M F 4.28 4.54 5.11 5.72 6.39 7.12 7.50 #> 359 M F 4.52 4.79 5.38 6.03 6.74 7.50 7.91 #> 360 M F 4.74 5.03 5.64 6.32 7.06 7.87 8.30 #> 361 M F 4.96 5.25 5.89 6.59 7.36 8.19 8.64 #> 362 M F 5.16 5.46 6.12 6.85 7.65 8.52 8.98 #> 363 M F 5.35 5.66 6.35 7.10 7.93 8.83 9.32 #> 364 M F 5.54 5.86 6.56 7.33 8.18 9.10 9.60 #> 365 M F 5.71 6.04 6.76 7.55 8.42 9.38 9.89 #> 366 M F 6.02 6.37 7.12 7.95 8.87 9.88 10.43 #> 367 M F 6.30 6.66 7.45 8.32 9.28 10.35 10.92 #> 368 M F 6.56 6.94 7.75 8.66 9.66 10.78 11.38 #> 369 M F 6.82 7.21 8.04 8.97 10.00 11.14 11.76 #> 370 M F 7.04 7.44 8.30 9.27 10.35 11.55 12.20 #> 371 M F 7.25 7.66 8.55 9.55 10.66 11.90 12.57 #> 372 M F 7.46 7.88 8.79 9.81 10.95 12.23 12.92 #> 373 M F 7.65 8.08 9.01 10.06 11.23 12.54 13.26 #> 374 M F 7.84 8.27 9.23 10.30 11.50 12.85 13.58 #> 375 M F 8.41 8.88 9.90 11.06 12.37 13.84 14.65 #> 376 M F 9.35 9.87 11.02 12.32 13.81 15.51 16.45 #> 377 M F 10.23 10.80 12.07 13.52 15.19 17.12 18.20 #> 378 M F 11.06 11.68 13.07 14.68 16.55 18.74 19.97 #> 379 M F 11.86 12.54 14.05 15.82 17.90 20.36 21.77 #> 380 M F 12.64 13.37 15.01 16.94 19.24 21.99 23.57 #> 381 M F 13.38 14.16 15.94 18.05 20.59 23.68 25.48 #> 382 M F 14.15 14.99 16.90 19.21 22.02 25.48 27.53 #> 383 M F 14.96 15.86 17.93 20.44 23.54 27.42 29.75 #> 384 M F 15.80 16.77 19.01 21.77 25.22 29.62 32.29 #> 385 M F 16.72 17.76 20.18 23.19 27.00 31.92 34.96 #> 386 M F 17.61 18.73 21.37 24.68 28.93 34.55 38.07 #> 387 M F 18.55 19.76 22.61 26.22 30.92 37.24 41.26 #> 388 M F 19.50 20.79 23.87 27.80 32.98 40.03 44.59 #> 389 M F 20.39 21.78 25.11 29.40 35.12 43.02 48.19 #> 390 M F 21.31 22.80 26.39 31.04 37.28 46.00 51.76 #> 391 M F 22.24 23.85 27.71 32.75 39.55 49.10 55.43 #> 392 M F 23.21 24.94 29.09 34.52 41.85 52.15 58.97 #> 393 M F 24.16 26.03 30.52 36.40 44.34 55.48 62.85 #> 394 M F 25.28 27.29 32.13 38.46 46.96 58.77 66.50 #> 395 M F 26.52 28.70 33.93 40.73 49.78 62.19 70.19 #> 396 M F 28.05 30.39 36.00 43.21 52.69 65.44 73.53 #> 397 M F 29.93 32.41 38.30 45.80 55.49 68.27 76.23 #> 398 M F 32.00 34.58 40.67 48.32 58.09 70.76 78.54 #> 399 M F 34.15 36.78 42.95 50.64 60.37 72.87 80.48 #> 400 M F 36.26 38.89 45.05 52.70 62.33 74.66 82.15 #> 401 M F 38.19 40.81 46.91 54.48 64.00 76.21 83.65 #> 402 M F 39.83 42.43 48.48 56.00 65.49 77.74 85.24 #> 403 M F 41.24 43.81 49.82 57.29 66.77 79.09 86.71 #> 404 M F 42.42 44.98 50.93 58.37 67.86 80.31 88.08 #> 405 M F 43.48 46.00 51.90 59.28 68.74 81.24 89.10 #> 406 M F 44.23 46.75 52.64 60.04 69.59 82.33 90.42 #> 407 M F 44.99 47.48 53.33 60.70 70.24 83.04 91.22 #> 408 M F 45.59 48.07 53.90 61.27 70.85 83.81 92.14 #> 409 M F 46.14 48.61 54.43 61.79 71.41 84.48 92.95 #> 410 M F 46.63 49.10 54.90 62.25 71.89 85.06 93.64 #> 411 M F 47.11 49.56 55.34 62.68 72.33 85.57 94.24 #> 412 M F 47.55 49.99 55.75 63.08 72.73 86.03 94.77 #> 413 M F 47.90 50.34 56.11 63.47 73.20 86.71 95.66 #> 414 M F 48.33 50.76 56.51 63.85 73.58 87.13 96.14
# P85 of BMI in 5-8 year old Dutch boys and girls e <- expand.grid(age=5:8, sex=c("M","F")) w <- z2y(z=rep(qnorm(0.85),nrow(e)), x=e$age, sex=e$sex, ref=nl4.bmi) w <- matrix(w, nrow=2, byrow=TRUE) dimnames(w) <- list(c("boys","girls"),5:8) w
#> 5 6 7 8 #> boys 17.152 17.282 17.508 17.857 #> girls 17.090 17.386 17.837 18.327
# data transformation of height z-scores to cm-scale z <- c(-1.83, 0.09, 2.33, 0.81, -1.20) x <- c(8.33, 0.23, 19.2, 24.3, 10) sex <- c("M", "M", "F", "M", "F") round(z2y(z=z, x=x, sex=sex, ref=nl4.hgt), 1)
#> [1] 123.8 60.7 185.3 189.7 135.6
# interpolate published height standard # to daily values, days 0-31, boys # on centiles -2SD, 0SD and +2SD days <- 0:31 sds <- c(-2, 0, +2) z <- rep(sds, length(days)) x <- rep(round(days/365.25,4), each=length(sds)) w <- z2y(z, x, sex="M", ref=nl4.hgt) w <- matrix(w, ncol=length(sds), byrow=TRUE) dimnames(w) <- list(days, sds) w
#> -2 0 2 #> 0 47.163 51.320 55.477 #> 1 47.265 51.430 55.594 #> 2 47.371 51.543 55.716 #> 3 47.474 51.653 55.833 #> 4 47.580 51.767 55.954 #> 5 47.682 51.877 56.071 #> 6 47.784 51.986 56.188 #> 7 47.890 52.100 56.310 #> 8 47.993 52.210 56.427 #> 9 48.096 52.321 56.545 #> 10 48.203 52.435 56.667 #> 11 48.305 52.545 56.785 #> 12 48.412 52.659 56.907 #> 13 48.515 52.770 57.024 #> 14 48.618 52.880 57.142 #> 15 48.727 52.995 57.264 #> 16 48.832 53.106 57.381 #> 17 48.937 53.217 57.498 #> 18 49.046 53.333 57.619 #> 19 49.151 53.444 57.736 #> 20 49.260 53.559 57.857 #> 21 49.366 53.670 57.974 #> 22 49.469 53.781 58.093 #> 23 49.577 53.896 58.216 #> 24 49.681 54.007 58.334 #> 25 49.784 54.118 58.453 #> 26 49.892 54.234 58.576 #> 27 49.996 54.345 58.694 #> 28 50.103 54.460 58.817 #> 29 50.213 54.573 58.933 #> 30 50.324 54.686 59.049 #> 31 50.438 54.803 59.169